The Parties undertake to submit updated NDCs every five years following a ”global stocktaking” process to assess progress towards the long-term objectives of the Agreement. This work is part of a project funded by the European Union`s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 642147 (CD-LINKS) and supported by the European Union`s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 821471 (ENGAGE) and the European Union`s DG CLIMA and EuropeAid under Grant Agreement No 21020701/2017/770447/SER/CLIMA. C.1 EuropeAid/138417/DH/SER/MulitOC (COMMIT). S. F., K. O.: Supported by the Environmental Research and Technological Development Fund (2-1908 and 2-1702) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency. J. D., K. K. : The opinions expressed are solely those of the author and can in no way be considered as the official position of the European Commission. Sweileh WM, Wickramage K, Pottie K, Hui C, Roberts B, Sawalha AF, Zyoud SH.
Bibliometric Analysis of Health Research on Global Migration in Peer-Reviewed Literature (2000-2016). BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1). The present study showed that more than two-thirds of the world`s publications came from the AMRO and EURO regions. There are many reasons for the leading role of these two regions. The presence of the U.S. CDC, the Euro CDC, and many other governmental and non-governmental research institutions and academics in the field of public health and infectious diseases has helped these two regions make this enormous and significant contribution. Second, the main funding agencies are located in these two regions. Third, infections have no borders and pathogens could travel with waves of human migration, placing Europe and north American regions in a critical geographic position for any infectious disease outbreak. Fourth, both regions have a great responsibility for climate change, as many of these changes have been made through industrial activities. The current study has shown that China is among the top ten active countries. China`s contribution could be underestimated, as it is possible that most Chinese publications were published in Chinese national journals that are not indexed in Scopus.
The same argument could be applied to other regions and countries with a limited number of peer-reviewed journals indexed in Scopus, such as Russia or some South American countries. The present study showed that the AFRO region made a greater contribution than the EMRO or SEARO region. One of the possible reasons for the relatively higher contribution of the AFRO region is the strong research collaboration between some African countries and the United States and the United Kingdom. Climate change in the AFRO region has increased the number of people at risk of malaria in Africa [111, 112]. The increase in mosquito numbers has increased the likelihood that the parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax will multiply and put more people at risk of malaria [113, 114]. In addition to malaria, the Afro region is expected to suffer from hunger and food insecurity due to climate change [115, 116]. Climate change in the AFRO region is exacerbated by weak economies, lack of resilient health systems and lack of political stability in some African regions. In particular, the enhanced transparency framework guides countries in reporting their greenhouse gas emissions, progress in achieving their NDCs, climate change impacts and adaptation, the support provided and mobilized, and the support required and received.
The enhanced transparency framework also includes procedures for technical experts to review the information provided and a multilateral peer review where countries may have questions. More than 190 countries that met in Paris in December 2015 reached a historic agreement to strengthen global climate efforts. .